Disinfection is primarily used to control diseases such as:

Disinfection plays a crucial role in controlling waterborne diseases, particularly those caused by pathogens that can be transmitted through contaminated water sources. Cholera, typhoid, and polio are classic examples of such diseases. These illnesses are primarily associated with bacteria and viruses that are often present in untreated water, leading to significant public health issues.

Cholera, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, can lead to severe dehydration and is often linked to inadequate sanitation and contaminated water supplies. Typhoid, caused by Salmonella typhi, is also a waterborne disease, with infection occurring through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Polio, caused by the poliovirus, can spread through contaminated water and lead to paralysis. The effectiveness of disinfection processes, such as chlorination or UV treatment, is vital in eliminating these pathogens from drinking water, thereby protecting public health.

In contrast, the other options contain diseases that are either vector-borne or not primarily transmitted through water sources, reflecting their different modes of transmission and the necessary control measures required for each. Understanding the specific diseases targeted by disinfection helps emphasize the importance of adequate water treatment in maintaining public health standards.