What is the purpose of using activated sludge in wastewater treatment?

The purpose of using activated sludge in wastewater treatment primarily revolves around promoting the growth of microorganisms that degrade organic matter. Activated sludge consists of a mixture of microorganisms, including bacteria, that thrive in aerated environments. When wastewater is introduced to this mixture, the microorganisms consume organic pollutants, converting them into more stable substances. This biological process effectively reduces the concentration of harmful organic materials in the effluent, leading to cleaner water before it is discharged into the environment.

The biological treatment system harnesses the metabolic processes of these microorganisms, which not only breaks down organics but also aids in nutrient cycling within the treatment plant. By nurturing a healthy and active biomass, the process can handle varying loads of organic material, making it adaptable and efficient in treating diverse wastewater compositions.